Q,T-Catalan Chain Decompositions

Explore NU₁-tails, NU₂-bridging, and global chain construction for q,t-Catalan numbers

Generate Chain Sequence

Compute f(μ)

Definition 0.7: The map f acts on multiplicities:

  • Even multiplicity aᵉ → (a−1)ᵉ (all parts decrease by 1)
  • Odd multiplicity aᵉ → ((a−1)ᵉ⁻¹, a−2) (most drop by 1, one drops by 2)

Flag Type Explorer (λ, a, ε) → μ

HLLL Parameterization: Every flagpole partition μ is determined by (λ, a, ε):

  • λ = flag type (a partition)
  • a = integer parameter (number of 2s in TI₂)
  • ε ∈ {0,1} = binary switch

Size formula: |μ| = |λ| + ρ(μ) − 2, where ρ = 3 + a + d(λ) + ℓ(λ) + ε

SMALL Condition Verification

Definition: A non-negative integer r is said to be SMALL with respect to k if:

$$ r \leq \left\lfloor \frac{k}{2} \right\rfloor - 2 $$

Find all partitions μ of size k where ρ(TI₂(μ)) = k+2-r and verify the SMALL condition: |ρ⁻¹(DV₊)| = 2·p(r)

Example: k=10 → max r = ⌊5⌋ - 2 = 3 (valid r ∈ {0,1,2,3})
Must satisfy: r ≤ ⌊k/2⌋ - 2

Mathematical Background

Quasi-Dyck Vectors

  • Definition: Sequences (v₁, v₂, ..., vₙ) where v₁ = 0 and v_{i+1} ≤ v_i + 1
  • Dyck Vectors: QDVs where all entries are non-negative
  • Reduced Dyck Vector: Vector of minimum length in a Dyck class
  • Key Formula: QDV_n(λ) = (0-λ_n, 1-λ_{n-1}, ..., n-1-λ_1)

NU₁ Operator (Successor Map)

  • Definition: NU₁(γ) = ⟨ℓ+1, γ₁-1, γ₂-1, ..., γₗ-1⟩
  • Domain: γ₁ ≤ ℓ(γ) + 2
  • Properties: Preserves deficit, increases dinv by 1
  • Termination: NU₁-final objects where γ₁ > ℓ(γ) + 2

ND₁ Operator (Predecessor Map)

  • Definition: ND₁(γ) = ⟨γ₂+1, γ₃+1, ..., γₗ+1, 1^{γ₁-ℓ}⟩
  • Domain: γ₁ ≥ ℓ(γ)
  • Properties: Preserves deficit, decreases dinv by 1

NU₂ Operator (Extension Map)

  • Rule (a): [012^h A(-1)^{h-1}] → [00^{h-1}1A1^h]
  • Rule (b): [012^k B(-1)^k] → [00^k B01^k]
  • Domain: NU₁-final objects
  • Range: NU₁-initial objects
  • Properties: Preserves deficit, increases dinv by 1

Chain Types

  • NU₁-fragment: Finite chain terminated by NU₁-final object
  • NU₁-tail: Infinite chain starting from TI(μ)
  • Second-order tail: Extended tail starting from TI₂(μ)
  • Global chain: Complete chain C_μ for partition μ